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COPD is a progressive lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. It’s caused by long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs, primarily cigarette smoke. This damage narrows the airways (bronchi) and destroys the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, making it harder for air to flow in and out. While COPD is incurable, there are effective treatments and lifestyle changes that can help you manage the disease and live a fulfilling life.
Symptoms of COPD:
The symptoms of COPD can develop gradually and worsen over time. Here are some of the most common ones:
Shortness of breath: This is the hallmark symptom of COPD and is often worse during physical activity.
Chronic cough: You may have a persistent cough that produces mucus (phlegm).
Wheezing: A whistling sound when you breathe, caused by narrowed airways.
Chest tightness: You may feel a sensation of tightness or pressure in your chest.
Fatigue: Feeling tired and lacking energy is a common symptom of COPD.
Frequent respiratory infections: People with COPD are more prone to colds, flu, and other respiratory infections.
Who is at Risk for COPD?
Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. In fact, over 90% of people with COPD have a history of smoking. Other risk factors include exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, and occupational dust and chemicals.
Diagnosing COPD:
If you experience any of the COPD symptoms mentioned above, it’s important to consult your doctor. They will conduct a physical exam, ask about your medical history, and may order tests such as:
Spirometry: This test measures how much air you can forcefully exhale and how quickly.
Chest X-ray: This helps to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
CT scan: This detailed scan can provide additional information about the structure of your lungs.
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